The attorney-general’s office says that Mr Vicente paid $810,000 in bribes to shut down corruption investigations that he was facing.
The alleged bribes were made to Portugal’s former public prosecutor Orlando Figueira, who also faces charges as part of “Operation Fizz”.
Mr Vicente’s lawyer has denied the allegations, Portuguese media report.
Mr Vicente served as head of Angola’s state oil company Sonangol from 1999 until 2012, a hugely influential position now occupied by the president’s daughter Isabel Dos Santos.
Until news of the corruption scandal emerged last year, he had been strongly tipped as a potential successor to President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, who has ruled Angola since 1979.
Angola has branded previous attempts by Portugal to investigate Mr Vicente as “revenge by the former colonial master” and “neo-colonialism”.
Angola’s political and financial elite have in recent years invested hundreds of millions of dollars in Portugal, Angola’s former colonial ruler.
The investments have largely gone into buying up property and Portuguese companies.
Despite its oil wealth most people in Angola survive on less than $2 a day and child mortality rates are among the highest in the world.
